Overview

The goal of this Special Issue reprint is to introduce the reader to the latest insights into the improvement of water use efficiency under dryland farming systems and the identification of cases of plant-soil interactions and ecological damage under climate change conditions. The evolution of drought and crop ecology under dryland agricultural systems is used to describe agricultural practices that only depend on precipitation to obtain water. Although dryland agriculture emphasizes water conservation, it has other advantages, such as sustainable crop production, limited inputs, and restrictions on wind and water resource usage. Due to the increasingly serious environmental problems and the threat of recent climate anomalies, the challenge is to improve the resilience of dryland agriculture and maintain its sustainability. There is no standard guide that can be used to determine the sustainability of dryland agricultural areas, because this depends largely on local climate conditions and local, regional, and national laws and policies.