The state of communist defense institutions and armed forces, ca. 1990 -- NATO exports its "new model army": why it did not take -- Post-Soviet republics? Defense institutions -- Post-Warsaw Pact republics? Defense institutions -- Post-Yugoslav republics? Defense institutions -- Building defense institutions: sharpening the western mind -- Reforming western policy and management of defense reform -- Conclusion: getting to "honest defense" -- Appendices: -- Partnership action plan for Defence Institution Building (PAP-DIB) -- U.S. Title 22 Security ssistance to select countries in Central and Eastern Europe -- Cultural tools and country comparisons